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Multi-step-index Fiber Model and Optimization for Enhanced Adiabatic and Ultra-Short Tapering

Journal of Lightwave Technology(2025)

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Abstract
We proposed a design model and optimization method for Multi-Step-Index (MSI) fiber, which has been successfully fabricated and tested. This novel MSI fiber can maintain a stable fundamental mode field distribution across varying fiber diameters, significantly reducing the mode field variation rate to only 6.6%. We found a unique exponential refractive index profile and employed the RI difference factor $\Phi$ and non-uniform factor $\Omega$ to develop single variant systematic optimization methods, which enhanced the MSI fiber's robustness and design flexibility. The experimental results demonstrated that the cladding diameter of fiber can be adiabatically tapered from 125 $\mu$m to 30 $\mu$m with a tapering angle of 1.814$^{\circ }$, which is approximately 10 times larger than that of standard single mode fiber, enabling ultra-short transition lengths and minimal taper losses. These findings highlight the MSI fiber's potential to maintain robust fundamental mode characteristics while significantly relaxing the adiabatic criterion, offering a systematic approach to balancing specialized performance requirements with manufacturing feasibility, presenting a scalable and manufacturable solution for low loss, fused taper optical devices.
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Fiber design and fabrication,multi-step-index fiber,mode field diameter,adiabatic taper
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