Research on Open-Set Recognition Methods for Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis

In rolling bearing fault diagnosis, when an unknown fault is present, the Closed-Set Recognition (CSR) method tends to misclassify it as a known fault. To address this issue, an Open-Set Recognition (OSR) framework is proposed for rolling bearing fault diagnosis in this study. The framework is built upon a serial multi-scale convolutional prototype learning (SMCPL) network, enhanced with an efficient channel attention (ECA) mechanism to extract the most critical fault features. The extracted features are fed into the Density Peak Clustering (DPC) module, which identifies known and unknown classes based on the computed local densities and relative distances. Finally, validation is performed on the Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) dataset, the Xi’an Jiaotong University rolling bearing accelerated life test dataset (XJTU-SY), and the Paderborn University bearing dataset (PU), Germany, and the framework is comprehensively evaluated in terms of several evaluation metrics, such as normalization accuracy and feature visualization. The experimental results show that SMCPL-ECA-DPC outperforms the comparative methods of SMCPL, CPL, ANEDL, CNN, and OpenMax and has high diagnostic performance in the identification of unknown faults.