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    • Different Packaging Methods with Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators for Sensing: A Review

    Yize Liu, Bing Yu,Junfeng Jiang, Gaofei Gu, Dengkui Kang, Lei Wang,Yunlong Zhang, Yue You, Nanxi Wang, Jiejing Chen, Changlu Jiang, Weiping Liu, Yunfeng Jia, Shengyun Wang

    IEEE Sensors Journal（2025）

    Xi’an Institute of Applied Optics

    Cited 0|Views1
    Abstract
    Whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonantors are widely used as high sensitivity sensors due to their high quality factor, small microcavity volume and size. However, many WGM sensors are currently available only under laboratory conditions. Therefore, improving the anti-interference ability of coupling systems by packaging methods has received much attention in actual applications. For WGM sensors, the packaging method largely depends on the coupling method and sensing parameters. In this paper, we briefly introduce several coupling methods, especially the structural characteristics of coupling elements. Then, we review various packaging menthods, mainly including glue, holder, in fiber and microfluidic system packaging method. The final section provides a comprehensive overview of the sensing application of different packaged WGM sensors. It is hoped that this research will contribute to a clearer understanding of packaging methods and promote the practical application of WGM sensors.
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    Key words
    WGM,fiber optics sensors,packaging
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