Enhancing Rice Breeding Through Two-Line Hybrids: Integrative Analysis of Combining Ability, Heterosis, MGIDI, and Grain Quality Traits
Euphytica（2025）
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University
Abstract
Two-line hybrid rice breeding, using thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) lines, offers significant advantages over traditional three-line systems by addressing heterosis limitations and enhancing seed reproducibility. This study analyzed the genetic parameters and gene actions for 15 yield and grain quality traits in 135 two-line hybrid combinations produced by crossing between five TGMS lines with 27 paternal lines using the line × tester method. Superior hybrids were further assessed for 14-grain quality traits to determine their potential. The results indicated these traits are controlled by both additive and non-additive gene actions, with additive variance makes the largest contributions to the genotypic variance. General combining ability identified the best parental combiners, while specific combining ability (SCA) analysis highlighted high-yield hybrids. Dominance variance was greater than additive variance, showing that influence of non-additive gene effects on trait inheritance. MGIDI-based selection identified top-performing hybrids such as TNAU 45S × PMK-3, TNAU 45S × APO, and TNAU 45S × I 127, which exhibited excellent SCA effects, high heterosis, and superior grain yield, quality, and early maturity. Hybrids TNAU 60S × BPT 3034 and TNAU 116S × W225 showed significant heterosis for grain yield, productive tillers, and spikelet fertility. Additionally, TNAU 60S × Wayrarem achieved the highest head rice recovery rate (72.99
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Key words
Hybrid rice,Combining ability,GCA,SCA,MGIDI,Two-line hybrid,Heterosis
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