Determining Potential Pathogens and Endophytic Bacterial Communities in the Twigs of Diospyros Kaki Associated with Anthracnose in Zhejiang Province, China

Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) is an important fruit crop that is widely cultivated in China, and its production is severely affected by anthracnose. Endophytic bacterial communities play an important role in the establishment of plant diseases, although little is known about these endophytes in persimmon plants. Fangshan persimmon is well known for its excellent quality in Zhejiang Province, China. The present study demonstrated that the Colletotrichum complex was the causal agent of anthracnose in persimmon in Zhejiang. High-throughput sequencing revealed that bacterial communities in Fangshan persimmon twigs were dominated by the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Firmicutes and Bacteroidota. Persimmon twigs infected with Colletotrichum showed obvious shifts in the endophytic bacterial communities, and these shifts in slight infections varied from those in severe infections. For slight infections, the genera Pseudomonas and Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia were significantly more abundant in slightly symptomatic twigs than in healthy twigs, whereas the genera 1174-901-12, Methylocella and Streptococcus exhibited the opposite trend. In severe infections, the genera Curtobacterium, Pseudomonas and Kineococcus were significantly more abundant in severely symptomatic twigs than in healthy twigs, whereas the genera 1174-901-12, Lactobacillus and Amnibacterium exhibited opposite trends. The genera Pseudomonas and Curtobacterium showed the strongest positive correlation with anthracnose. This is the first report of endophytic bacterial communities associated with persimmon plants and their interaction with anthracnose disease, and these findings are important for developing biocontrol strategies for persimmon anthracnose.