Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation over the Primary Motor Cortex and Cerebellum Improves Balance and Shooting Accuracy in Elite Ice Hockey Players.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE(2024)
Beijing Sport Univ
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the effects of transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) applied over the primary motor cortex (M1) and cerebellum on balance control and shooting accuracy in elite ice hockey players. Methods: Twenty-one elite ice hockey players underwent anodal tDCS over the M1 (a-tDCS(M1)), anodal tDCS over the cerebellum (a-tDCS(CB)), concurrent dual-site anodal tDCS over the M1 and the cerebellum (a-tDCS(M1+CB)), and sham stimulation (tDCS(SHAM)). Before and after receiving tDCS (2 mA for 15 min), participants completed an ice hockey shooting-accuracy test, Pro-Kin balance test (includes stance test and proprioceptive assessment), and Y-balance test in randomized order. Results: For static balance performance, the ellipse area in the 2-legged stance with eyes open and the 1-legged stance with the dominant leg significantly improved following a-tDCS(M1), a-tDCS(CB), and concurrent dual-site a-tDCS(M1+CB), compared with tDCS(SHAM) (all P < .05, Cohen d = 0.64-1.06). In dynamic balance performance, the average trace error of the proprioceptive assessment and the composite score of the Y-balance test with the dominant leg significantly improved following a-tDCS(M1) and concurrent dual-site a-tDCS(M1+CB) (all P < .05, Cohen d = 0.77-1.00). For the ice hockey shooting-accuracy test, shooting-accuracy while standing on the unstable platform significantly increased following a-tDCS(M1) (P = .010, Cohen d = 0.81) and a-tDCS(CB) (P = .010, Cohen d = 0.92) compared with tDCS(SHAM). Conclusion: tDCS could potentially be a valuable tool in enhancing static and dynamic balance and shooting accuracy on unstable platforms in elite ice hockey players.
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Key words
noninvasive brain stimulation,static balance,dynamic balance,ice hockey athletes
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