Magnetic Field-Optimized Paramagnetic Nanoprobe for T2/T1 Switchable Histopathological-Level MRI

Linlin Huo,Jie Zeng,Zhenyu Wang, Xin Sun, Yu Guo,Zhile Cao,Shiqi Zhu,Mingya Tan,Muyao Li,Xiao Chen,Zhenghuan Zhao

ACS NANO（2024）

Chongqing Med Univ

Cited 3|Views38

Abstract

Traditional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs) are a type of "always on" system that accelerates proton relaxation regardless of their enrichment region. This "always on" feature leads to a decrease in signal differences between lesions and normal tissues, hampering their applications in accurate and early diagnosis. Herein, we report a strategy to fabricate glutathione (GSH)-responsive one-dimensional (1-D) manganese oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) with improved T-2 relaxivities and achieve effective T-2/T-1 switchable MRI imaging of tumors. Compared to traditional contrast agents with high saturation magnetization to enhance T-2 relaxivities, 1-D MONPs with weak M-s effectively increase the inhomogeneity of the local magnetic field and exhibit obvious T-2 contrast. The inhomogeneity of the local magnetic field of 1-D MONPs is highly dependent on their number of primary particles and surface roughness according to Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert simulations and thus eventually determines their T-2 relaxivities. Furthermore, the GSH responsiveness ensures 1-D MONPs with sensitive switching from the T-2 to T-1 mode in vitro and subcutaneous tumors to clearly delineate the boundary of glioma and metastasis margins, achieving precise histopathological-level MRI. This study provides a strategy to improve T-2 relaxivity of magnetic nanoparticles and construct switchable MRI CAs, offering high tumor-to-normal tissue contrast signal for early and accurate diagnosis.

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Key words

switchable MRI,inhomogeneous magnetic field,GSH level,LLG simulation,oriented attachment

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