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Composition and Activity of Soil Microbial Communities in Native and Non-Native Vegetation of Southern California

George L. Vourlitis, Powers Berry, Juliane Maye Cabuco, Analiza Estrada, Kevin H. Garcia,Brad T. Hunter, Lydia Mastaglio, Elizabeth Murguia, Nicole Nacauili, Melanie Ponce, Loly Saenz, Zaid Salah, Jacob Shaffer, Miranda Solis, Sarah Thomas,Elinne Becket

APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY(2024)

Calif State Univ San Marcos

Cited 0|Views7
Abstract
The proliferation of non-native plant species in novel habitats has altered plant community diversity, ecosystem carbon (C) and nutrient cycling, and disturbance regimes worldwide. However, the impacts of non-native plants on soil microbial community composition and activity are still poorly known, especially in semi-arid woodlands. Here we utilized next generation sequencing (16S rRNA sequencing of the V3-V4 regions) and measurements of microbial activity (respiration, net N mineralization, and enzyme assays) to determine how soil microbial composition and activity varied between native and non-native vegetation patches in coastal sage scrub (CSS) woodlands. We sampled eight CSS sites and collected topsoil (0–10 cm) samples from six paired native and non-native vegetation patches at each site. Native patches had significantly (p < 0.05) higher vegetation cover, dissolved organic C (DOC), and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations than non-native patches. β-glucosidase activity was significantly higher (ca. 10 nM g−2 h−1) and peroxidase activity was significantly lower (ca. 60 nM g−2 h−1) in non-native vegetation, while rates of net N mineralization and nitrification, phosphatase and NAGase activities, and respiration were not significantly different in native and non-native vegetation but were positively correlated with total soil C and N (r > 0.60; p < 0.05). Bacterial alpha- and beta-diversity were not significantly different (p > 0.05) between native and non-native patches; however, bacteria/archaea in the phyla Gemmatimonadota, Planctomycetota, Armatimonadota, Fibrobacterota, Thermoplasmatota, and Entotheonellaeota were over-expressed in non-native patches. Within these phyla there were 20 orders that were differentially expressed in native or non-native vegetation, and more than half (60 %) had significantly higher relative abundance in native vegetation. Our results indicate that the expansion of non-native vegetation in semi-arid woodlands significantly alters soil C and N, which feeds back on microbial activity and community composition.
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Chaparral,Coastal sage scrub,Enzyme activity,Exotic species,Global change,Invasive species,Next generation sequencing,Nitrogen mineralization
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