基于示范样地实际倒伏样本的小麦抗倒机制解析
Journal of Triticeae Crops（2023）
南京农业大学
Abstract
为解析影响小麦倒伏发生的关键因子与内在机制,基于示范样地,选择不同养分管理下实际倒伏三块样本(1个高倒伏田块和2个低倒伏田块,养分管理方式分别为普通化肥深施、普通化肥撒施和缓控释肥深施),对小麦株型、倒伏节间的形态、组分及维管束数量、根系构型、土壤养分供应等进行比较分析.结果表明,在同等氮肥施用量与相同播种密度下,化肥深施田块(D-CF)的倒伏率高于化肥撒施(M-CF)和缓控释肥深施田块(D-RCU).茎基部节间是小麦倒伏发生的主要部位,节间越长,倒伏高度越高.高倒伏样本田块(D-CF)的株高显著高于M-CF和D-RCU田块,分别增加15.7％和15.1％,且D-CF田块的穗重与茎鞘叶重比最高.不同田块倒伏节间(茎基部节间)的外径、壁厚均无显著差异,但高倒伏田块D-CF的茎基部节间维管束面积和数量均低于低倒伏田块,较M-CF减少8.7％和9.0％,较D-RCU降低了 11.8％和5.9％,且纤维素、半纤维素与木质素的含量显著低于D-RCU田块.D-CF田块的根尖数显著高于两低倒伏田块,且根系总长与表面积显著高于D-RCU田块.D-CF田块的5～10、10～15和15～20 cm 土层的速效氮含量均最高.经相关性分析,倒伏率与株高呈显著正相关,与倒伏节间维管束数量及半纤维素、纤维素与木质素的总含量均呈显著负相关.株高分别与根系总根长、根尖数及5～20 cm 土壤速效氮含量呈极显著或显著正相关,而维管束数量与5～10 cm 土壤速效氮含量呈显著负相关,纤维素及木质素含量均与5～20 cm 土壤速效氮含量呈显著负相关,半纤维素含量则与10～15 cm 土壤速效氮含量呈显著负相关.受田间小麦根系构型及中下层土壤速效氮含量影响,株高和茎基部节间维管束数量及三素(半纤维素、纤维素、木质素)含量是小麦倒伏风险的主要影响因子.
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Key words
Wheat,Lodging,Plant architecture,Vascular tissue,Nutrient supply
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