Characteristics of Temperature and Humidity Inversions Based on High-Resolution Radiosonde Observations at Three Arctic Stations

JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY（2022）

Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol

Cited 5|Views1

Abstract

The Global Climate Observing System Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN) with high-vertical-resolution radiosonde data at three Arctic stations and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis data (ERA5) were used to investigate the characteristics of multiple temperature inversions (TI) and humidity inversions (HI) in this study. It is found that surface-based inversion (SBI) at two coastal stations exists throughout the whole year, mainly due to the surface cooling in cold months, advection warm months, and the orography of the stations. The seasonal variation of surfaced-based HI (SBHI) frequency is similar to that of SBI, and its intensity is greater in summer because of the larger air moisture content. The frequency of the first elevated TI (EI1) and HI (EHI1) are both higher than that of the surface-based ones. The second elevated TI/HI layer (EI2/EHI2) is shallower and weaker than that of the EI1/EHI1. At two coastal stations, EI1 caused by warm advection is thicker and stronger than that caused by subsidence. At the station farther from the coast, EI1 caused by subsidence is higher, thinner, and stronger. The top height and depth of the EHI2 both show seasonal variations, with larger values in the cold months. EHI1 tends to be formed by the TI, whereas EHI2 is dominant by humidity advection at all studied stations. HI under the influence of TI is usually thicker and stronger than that formed by humidity advection. The coexistence of EI and EHI is the most frequent inversion structure at these stations.

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Key words

Arctic,Humidity,Temperature,Radiosonde,rawinsonde observations

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【要点】：本研究基于高分辨率无线电探空数据和ERA5再分析数据，探讨了北极三个站点温度逆温和湿度逆温的特征，揭示了其季节变化规律和形成机制。

【方法】：利用GRUAN网络的高垂直分辨率无线电探空数据和ECMWF的ERA5再分析数据进行分析。

【实验】：通过分析数据，发现沿岸站点整年存在表面逆温（SBI），且表面湿度逆温（SBHI）的季节变化与SBI相似；第一次抬升逆温和湿度逆温频率高于表面逆温，第二次抬升逆温和湿度逆温较第一次更浅更弱；沿岸站点EI1由暖平流引起的逆温比由下沉引起的更厚更强，而离岸较远的站点则相反；EHI2的顶部高度和深度呈季节性变化，EHI1多由TI形成，EHI2则主要由湿度平流主导；受TI影响的HI通常比由湿度平流形成的HI更厚更强；EI和EHI的共存是最常见的逆温结构。