Prakash has a broad range of interests that include nuclear and particle physics, the physics of high energy heavy-ion collisions, and astrophysics. Beginning with the nuclear fission process in his Ph.D. thesis, his research has covered many of the myriad phenomena that occur in nuclei and in nuclear matter under extreme conditions of density, temperature, and magnetic fields. His work has illuminated the role of the equation of state of dense matter in nuclear collisions from low to very high energies and the structure of neutron stars. Investigations of strangeness-bearing matter led him to discover new pathways to form stellar mass black holes from metastable neutron stars. His work includes the evolution of neutron stars from their birth to old age, neutrino interactions and propagation in dense astrophysical systems, and the theoretical interpretations of the growing number of observations of neutron stars. He develops equations of state, neutrino opacities, and transport characteristics in dense matter for studies of supernovae and binary mergers involving neutron stars and black holes.