Dr. Katherine Matthay is one of the world's leading specialists in care for childhood cancer and in research on treatments. She directs a national study of the Children's Oncology Group (a research collaboration supported by the National Cancer Institute) to test new therapies for neuroblastoma, a cancer that develops in nerve cells and most often affects young children. She and her colleagues demonstrated that an innovative treatment – which combined chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation and other therapies – could significantly improve outcomes for patients with neuroblastoma.