His research looks at the changing nature of knowledge creation in science, medicine, social science, arts, and humanities as technology is embedded in everyday practices, as described in his 2015 book with co-author Ralph Schroeder Knowledge Machines: Digital Transformations of the Sciences and Humanities. His research has included both qualitative and quantitative work with marine biologists, genetics researchers, physicists, digital humanities scholars, social scientists using big data, medical doctors, theatre artists, librarians, and organizations involved in computational approaches to research